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The unidirectional valves in an anesthesia machine serve the crucial function of preventing backflow. These valves ensure that gases and anesthetic agents flow in one direction only, which is essential for maintaining the integrity of the gas delivery system. By preventing the reverse flow, these valves protect the equipment and patients from potential contamination and ensure that the intended mixture of gases reaches the patient without any risk of inhaling exhaled gases or other substances that could cause harm.

Flow rate regulation, pressure measurement, and redundancy are important aspects in the functioning of an anesthesia machine but are not the primary roles of unidirectional valves. Flow rates are managed through other mechanisms, pressure is monitored with specific devices, and redundancy is typically achieved through the design of multiple systems working together rather than through a single component like a unidirectional valve.